Comrades—Barry Romo
Barry Romo was a major commentator on the History Channel’s “Vietnam in (High Definition)—HD.” The viewer is informed that
Romo came home to toss his war medals and join the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, VVAW.
Romo came home to toss his war medals and join the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, VVAW.
That account is incomplete.
In “Vietnam-HD” Barry Romo was falsely identified as a spokesman for American veterans in Vietnam. He
was a willing and enthusiastic agent of Hanoi during the war. He and others
like him did not seek peace in Vietnam. They sought victory for the Communist
enemy and a transformed America.
was a willing and enthusiastic agent of Hanoi during the war. He and others
like him did not seek peace in Vietnam. They sought victory for the Communist
enemy and a transformed America.
Romo had joined the enemy in war and at home. Today he continues in Iraq and the USA. (Update Below)
The horrific consequences for the peoples of Indochina cannot be fixed by a correction of Barry Romo’s curriculum vitae, but perhaps history
can catch up with the truth.
can catch up with the truth.
The following are extended excerpts from Comrades in Arms: How the
Americong Won the War in Vietnam Against the Common Enemy—America. These extended
excerpts show the full context of Romo’s participation in pro-Hanoi activities.
Americong Won the War in Vietnam Against the Common Enemy—America. These extended
excerpts show the full context of Romo’s participation in pro-Hanoi activities.
Though a numerical minority, the collaborators with Hanoi created a large number of front groups claiming to
speak for vast constituencies: women, lawyers, doctors, students, racial minorities, and war veterans.[1]
speak for vast constituencies: women, lawyers, doctors, students, racial minorities, and war veterans.[1]
Romo played a prominent role in Vietnam Veterans Against the War, VVAW which, among other groups, fronted for Hanoi.
At most VVAW had a few thousand members out of the 2.4 million who served in Vietnam.
American War Medals Tossed
On April 23, 1971, John Kerry led members of VVAW in a protest of tossing American war medals and
ribbons over a fence in front of the U.S. Capitol. “We came here to undertake one last mission, to
search out and destroy the last vestige of this barbaric war,” Kerry said.
ribbons over a fence in front of the U.S. Capitol. “We came here to undertake one last mission, to
search out and destroy the last vestige of this barbaric war,” Kerry said.
Parts of the toss were a fraud.
VVAW Tosses Medals: Some Theirs Some Not
Paul Withers of Boston came to the microphone claiming to be a former Green Beret. He said he had received
nine purple hearts and a long list of other medals, including the Distinguished Service Cross.[5]
The name Withers does not appear in an alphabetical list of the 1,055
recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross between the names Wishik,
Jeffrey and Witherspoon, Thomas where Withers should appear.[6]
nine purple hearts and a long list of other medals, including the Distinguished Service Cross.[5]
The name Withers does not appear in an alphabetical list of the 1,055
recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross between the names Wishik,
Jeffrey and Witherspoon, Thomas where Withers should appear.[6]
Moreover, a Purple Heart website
cites Medal of Honor recipient Robert Howard being wounded 14 times in 54 months receiving a total of 9 awards
of the Purple Heart.[7] The Purple Heart website does not mention Withers as a recipient of an equal number of Purple Hearts.
cites Medal of Honor recipient Robert Howard being wounded 14 times in 54 months receiving a total of 9 awards
of the Purple Heart.[7] The Purple Heart website does not mention Withers as a recipient of an equal number of Purple Hearts.
While the “absence of a name should NOT
be construed to definitively negate a veteran’s claim to this award,” the VVAW
was legendary for the phony claims of its members including one of its
presidents Al Hubbard. B.G. Burkett and Glenna Whitley in Stolen Valor
document 1,700 persons fabricating war stories.
be construed to definitively negate a veteran’s claim to this award,” the VVAW
was legendary for the phony claims of its members including one of its
presidents Al Hubbard. B.G. Burkett and Glenna Whitley in Stolen Valor
document 1,700 persons fabricating war stories.
Lying about service in Vietnam gained veterans benefits for those
who had not earned them, made political points and answered the question, “What
did you do during the Vietnam War?” By 2000 service in Vietnam had become honorable.
who had not earned them, made political points and answered the question, “What
did you do during the Vietnam War?” By 2000 service in Vietnam had become honorable.
Scott Swett reports that some VVAW participants were carrying medals for others who could
not make the trip to the Washington rally.
not make the trip to the Washington rally.
VVAW member Steve Pitkin remembered someone with long hair holding a bag filled with military
ribbons and medals and offering them to VVAW members. Pitkin said that most of
the medals, Korean War, weren’t right for service in Vietnam. Pitkin heard that
VVAW had cleaned out the local Army-Navy stores the day before. Disgusted,
Pitkin grabbed his handful of medals and threw them not over the fence, but
into a mob of reporters and marched off. [8]
ribbons and medals and offering them to VVAW members. Pitkin said that most of
the medals, Korean War, weren’t right for service in Vietnam. Pitkin heard that
VVAW had cleaned out the local Army-Navy stores the day before. Disgusted,
Pitkin grabbed his handful of medals and threw them not over the fence, but
into a mob of reporters and marched off. [8]
Hanoi Happy With Medal Toss
Hanoi appreciated their front groups and their activities including the medal toss.
…Enemy’s Intimate Knowledge of U.S. Antiwar Movement–Viet Cong
Directive 31
Directive 31
In the midst of the spring demonstrations on April 28, 1971 the Viet Cong, oft described as uninformed black-pajamaed peasants
isolated from great world affairs, issued Directive No. 31 OT/TV[9] ordering VCI cadre to “step up …the anti-Vietnam War movement of the Americans.”
isolated from great world affairs, issued Directive No. 31 OT/TV[9] ordering VCI cadre to “step up …the anti-Vietnam War movement of the Americans.”
Directive No. 31 very precisely identified the activities of every major antiwar organization from
March through May 1971 including: the “nationwide alliance for peace” [i.e.
National Peace Action Coalition, NPAC], the Alliance of Americans for Just
Peace [i.e. Peoples Coalition for Peace and Justice, PCPC], the “US war
veterans who have fought in Vietnam” [i.e. Vietnam Veterans Against the War,
VVAW,] and “the families of those US soldiers who were KIA or captured” [i.e. COLIFAM].
March through May 1971 including: the “nationwide alliance for peace” [i.e.
National Peace Action Coalition, NPAC], the Alliance of Americans for Just
Peace [i.e. Peoples Coalition for Peace and Justice, PCPC], the “US war
veterans who have fought in Vietnam” [i.e. Vietnam Veterans Against the War,
VVAW,] and “the families of those US soldiers who were KIA or captured” [i.e. COLIFAM].
The Directive No. 31 also mentioned ‘a law court to denounce the crimes of the US” [i.e. the VVAW’s
Winter Soldier Investigation], the “return of medals” [VVAW medal toss] and the demonstrations on April 24.
Winter Soldier Investigation], the “return of medals” [VVAW medal toss] and the demonstrations on April 24.
The Directive showed that Hanoi’s puppet had either a very comprehensive understanding of the
anti-war movement inside the USA or had a Hanoi-American author or both.
anti-war movement inside the USA or had a Hanoi-American author or both.
VVAW’s Joe Urgo on a tour in Hanoi received four tapes of POWs held by the Provisional Revolutionary
Government of South Vietnam—the Viet Cong.[10]
Government of South Vietnam—the Viet Cong.[10]
One POW was disturbed by “stories” of atrocities and had heard “reports” of the VVAW medal tosses.
Another praised the patriotism of PCPJ and VVAW. Another accused the U.S. of
“waging the most vicious and ignoble war of all times,”[11] a Hanoi theme John Kerry and VVAW oft repeated.
Another praised the patriotism of PCPJ and VVAW. Another accused the U.S. of
“waging the most vicious and ignoble war of all times,”[11] a Hanoi theme John Kerry and VVAW oft repeated.
Meeting Pham Van Dong
OUpon meeting the PCPJ, VVAW and NPAC delegation in Hanoi, Pham Van Dong “highly praised the antiwar
activities…especially in the 1971 spring offensive” in which the VVAW had
played such a large role in the “Dewey Canyon”: the medal toss.
activities…especially in the 1971 spring offensive” in which the VVAW had
played such a large role in the “Dewey Canyon”: the medal toss.
Radio Hanoi said, “The American guests …welcomed the Seven Point peace initiative…and promised to push
on [with] their coordinated antiwar actions.”[12]
on [with] their coordinated antiwar actions.”[12]
…VVAW Plans Another Hanoi Tour
Al Hubbard whose credentials were marred by his lies about his rank and service in Vietnam did
not stand for reelection to VVAW. His pro-Hanoi agenda would continue nonetheless.
not stand for reelection to VVAW. His pro-Hanoi agenda would continue nonetheless.
The Houston meeting of VVAW on the 11th of April 1972 would select its nominees
for a proposed trip to Hanoi.
for a proposed trip to Hanoi.
Prospective candidates for a Hanoi trip were: were George Smith, Indiana-Ohio, a former POW; Marty O.
Jordan, an Indian from Arkansas; Scott Camil, Florida advocate of the
assassination of pro-war U.S. Senators; John Musgrave, Kansas; Barry Romo,
California; David Evans Ross, Colorado; and Bill Marshall, Michigan, a black.
Alternates selected were Peter Mahoney, Louisiana; Richard Bangert, Missouri;
Mike Dedrick, Seattle; Chuck Geisler, Michigan; Gale Graham, New York; and Jon
Birch, Philadelphia.[13]
Jordan, an Indian from Arkansas; Scott Camil, Florida advocate of the
assassination of pro-war U.S. Senators; John Musgrave, Kansas; Barry Romo,
California; David Evans Ross, Colorado; and Bill Marshall, Michigan, a black.
Alternates selected were Peter Mahoney, Louisiana; Richard Bangert, Missouri;
Mike Dedrick, Seattle; Chuck Geisler, Michigan; Gale Graham, New York; and Jon
Birch, Philadelphia.[13]
The FBI transmitted the list of VVAW nominees for a Hanoi trip to the President and to
diplomatic and military agencies.[14] Local FBI offices were instructed to find
“possible weaknesses including pending prosecution, etc which can be exploited to bar individuals’ travel…”[15]
diplomatic and military agencies.[14] Local FBI offices were instructed to find
“possible weaknesses including pending prosecution, etc which can be exploited to bar individuals’ travel…”[15]
On May 9, 1972 John Smith, regional coordinator of the Connecticut VVAW, wrote to the North
Vietnamese Embassy, Paris offering a medical assistance team for Hanoi.[16]
Vietnamese Embassy, Paris offering a medical assistance team for Hanoi.[16]
Plans proceeded to send a seven-person VVAW team to Paris to meet with North
Vietnamese. It would cost $30,000, but VVAW was hopeful that Jane Fonda and
Soviet Union (half) would cover a major portion.[17]
Vietnamese. It would cost $30,000, but VVAW was hopeful that Jane Fonda and
Soviet Union (half) would cover a major portion.[17]
Al Hubbard went on a California fundraising tour to San Francisco.
The Christmas Bombings of Hanoi: Barry Romo’s Ringside in Hanoi
On December 11, 1972 Anniversary Tours, a
Communist Party-USA owned travel agency, booked Scandinavian Airlines, SAS,
flights out of JFK Airport bound for Hanoi with folksinger Joan Baez,
the Episcopal Rev. Michael Allen of Yale Divinity, Barry Romo of VVAW, and Gen.
Telford Taylor, the former chief counsel of the war crimes trials of the Nazis at Nuremberg, Germany.[18]
Communist Party-USA owned travel agency, booked Scandinavian Airlines, SAS,
flights out of JFK Airport bound for Hanoi with folksinger Joan Baez,
the Episcopal Rev. Michael Allen of Yale Divinity, Barry Romo of VVAW, and Gen.
Telford Taylor, the former chief counsel of the war crimes trials of the Nazis at Nuremberg, Germany.[18]
On December 13, 1972, Cora Weiss held a press conference and introduced Baez, Allen, Taylor and
Romo as departing for Hanoi. Baez said she wanted to meet North Vietnamese and
to witness war damage. Allen said they carried 500 pieces of mail. Weiss said this was COLIFAM’s 36th mail trip.
Romo as departing for Hanoi. Baez said she wanted to meet North Vietnamese and
to witness war damage. Allen said they carried 500 pieces of mail. Weiss said this was COLIFAM’s 36th mail trip.
…“Wet His Pants”
Nixon’s “Christmas” bombing strategy in December 1972 worked.
As Nixon and Kissinger first claimed, American POW’s later confirmed and the North Vietnamese admit today, the
December bombings were terrifying. Joan Baez in the Metropole’s bomb shelter with Rev. Michael Allen of Yale Divinity,
Barry Romo of VVAW and Telford Taylor sang Christmas Carols. Close by in the
“Hanoi Hilton” the POWs cheered.
December bombings were terrifying. Joan Baez in the Metropole’s bomb shelter with Rev. Michael Allen of Yale Divinity,
Barry Romo of VVAW and Telford Taylor sang Christmas Carols. Close by in the
“Hanoi Hilton” the POWs cheered.
The Vietnamese trembled.[19] Truong
Nhu Tang remembered, “I had been caught in the Apocalypse. The terror was
complete. One lost control bodily functions as the mind screamed
incomprehensible orders to get out.”[20] One POW saw his prison guard
“trembling like a leaf, drop his rifle, and wet his pants.”[21]
Nhu Tang remembered, “I had been caught in the Apocalypse. The terror was
complete. One lost control bodily functions as the mind screamed
incomprehensible orders to get out.”[20] One POW saw his prison guard
“trembling like a leaf, drop his rifle, and wet his pants.”[21]
Some 42,000 bombs fell seeking “maximum destruction of selected military targets.”
Hanoi’s 1,242 SAM missiles and artillery shells fired at American
aircraft fell back down amongst the civilians remaining in Hanoi.[22]
Hanoi’s 1,242 SAM missiles and artillery shells fired at American
aircraft fell back down amongst the civilians remaining in Hanoi.[22]
Romo Claims Civilians Targeted
VVAW’s Barry Romo claimed the bombing was
never to destroy military targets, but to terrorize and demoralize the
Vietnamese people. Bombs falling on nonmilitary targets were not errors. The
same homes and shops were hit several times, Romo claimed.[23]
never to destroy military targets, but to terrorize and demoralize the
Vietnamese people. Bombs falling on nonmilitary targets were not errors. The
same homes and shops were hit several times, Romo claimed.[23]
Yet the actual orders from Washington were to
“exercise precaution to minimize risk of civilian casualties…”[24] Aircrews were ordered to maintain straight and
level flight to “maximize aiming time” and to “reduce the
chances of civilian damage.”[25]
“exercise precaution to minimize risk of civilian casualties…”[24] Aircrews were ordered to maintain straight and
level flight to “maximize aiming time” and to “reduce the
chances of civilian damage.”[25]
These orders increased crew exposure to the
world’s best antiaircraft defenses. Although not the nuclear holocaust the left
frequently accused the US of planning—whenever the U.S. showed even diplomatic
firmness to Communist aggression–the new smart bombs fell with great accuracy.
world’s best antiaircraft defenses. Although not the nuclear holocaust the left
frequently accused the US of planning—whenever the U.S. showed even diplomatic
firmness to Communist aggression–the new smart bombs fell with great accuracy.
“Carpet Bombing”
Stanley Karnow says American newspapers, television, and radio had uncritically carried a
French reporter’s claims [in Le Monde] of “carpet bombing” of downtown
Haiphong and Hanoi. Malcolm Browne of The
New York Times, a war critic, said this was “grossly overstated.”
French reporter’s claims [in Le Monde] of “carpet bombing” of downtown
Haiphong and Hanoi. Malcolm Browne of The
New York Times, a war critic, said this was “grossly overstated.”
Indeed, even Tran Duy Hung, mayor of Hanoi denied such false claims. Karnow says, “American antiwar
activists…during the attacks urged the mayor to claim a death toll of ten
thousand.”
activists…during the attacks urged the mayor to claim a death toll of ten
thousand.”
The suspects for such an intentional fabrication, a lie, would have
been Joan Baez, Barry Romo, Michael Allen, and Telford Taylor. Mayor Tran
refused to bump the numbers because “his government’s credibility was at stake.”
been Joan Baez, Barry Romo, Michael Allen, and Telford Taylor. Mayor Tran
refused to bump the numbers because “his government’s credibility was at stake.”
The North Vietnamese counted 1,318 civilian fatalities in Hanoi and 305 in Haiphong—a pittance
of the 85,000 killed in the real carpet firebombing of Tokyo in March 1945.[26]
of the 85,000 killed in the real carpet firebombing of Tokyo in March 1945.[26]
Earlier in 1972, the North Vietnamese had turned artillery upon civilians
fleeing Quang Tri and An Loc killing at least 15,000. There was neither
discernible media nor “peace” pilgrim outrage to this slaughter of the purely innocent.
fleeing Quang Tri and An Loc killing at least 15,000. There was neither
discernible media nor “peace” pilgrim outrage to this slaughter of the purely innocent.
VVAW Support Hanoi’s Line and Tone
….At its January 4-8, 1973 national steering committee meeting of 102 delegates VVAW discussed
the inaugural, supported the Vietnamese 9 Point Peace Plan and approved sending
cash and medical supplies to the National Liberation Front.[27] Deciding to take a less militant tone than
their previous public tossing away of war medals, takeover of the Statute of
Liberty etc., the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, VVAW, vowed to refrain from violence and stop carrying the Viet Cong flag.
the inaugural, supported the Vietnamese 9 Point Peace Plan and approved sending
cash and medical supplies to the National Liberation Front.[27] Deciding to take a less militant tone than
their previous public tossing away of war medals, takeover of the Statute of
Liberty etc., the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, VVAW, vowed to refrain from violence and stop carrying the Viet Cong flag.
Had the North Vietnamese told VVAW to tone it down?
Barry Romo, returned from talks with communist officials in North Vietnam and hearing bomb
blasts, spoke at Arlington National Cemetery and signed the 9-point peace plan.[28]
Some 2,000 attended the Arlington demonstration and 30,000 from allied groups
rallied at the Washington Memorial.[29]
blasts, spoke at Arlington National Cemetery and signed the 9-point peace plan.[28]
Some 2,000 attended the Arlington demonstration and 30,000 from allied groups
rallied at the Washington Memorial.[29]
…VVAW Supports Amnesty for Draft Dodgers and Deserters
April 19-23, 1973 the VVAW National Steering Committee met at George Stapleton’s Ranch and at
Bernalillo Community Center in Placitas, New Mexico. Ed Damato discussed an
ambitious VVAW effort to win amnesty for deserters and draft dodgers.[30]
Bernalillo Community Center in Placitas, New Mexico. Ed Damato discussed an
ambitious VVAW effort to win amnesty for deserters and draft dodgers.[30]
May 26-28 about 30 VVAW members including Al
Hubbard, Barry Romo, representatives of PCPJ, Fellowship Of Reconciliation and
persons from Canada and Europe attended an Amnesty Action Conference in Toronto, Canada.
Hubbard, Barry Romo, representatives of PCPJ, Fellowship Of Reconciliation and
persons from Canada and Europe attended an Amnesty Action Conference in Toronto, Canada.
Al Hubbard said, “Third World” brothers—blacks,
Hispanics—received a disproportionate number of less than honorable discharges.
The VVAW dominated conference supported unconditional amnesty and sought to
expand its amnesty efforts beyond its PCPJ patron to include Clergy and Laity
Concerned, CALC, and the War Resisters League, WRL.
Hispanics—received a disproportionate number of less than honorable discharges.
The VVAW dominated conference supported unconditional amnesty and sought to
expand its amnesty efforts beyond its PCPJ patron to include Clergy and Laity
Concerned, CALC, and the War Resisters League, WRL.
The May Toronto conference was followed by the
creation of VVAW clearinghouse on amnesty, by the Midwest Amnesty Conference of
the National Council for Universal and Unconditional Amnesty, NCUUA, in
September[31] and by an amnesty conference at Edgewater
College in Madison Wisconsin in October.[32]
creation of VVAW clearinghouse on amnesty, by the Midwest Amnesty Conference of
the National Council for Universal and Unconditional Amnesty, NCUUA, in
September[31] and by an amnesty conference at Edgewater
College in Madison Wisconsin in October.[32]
In January 1974 Fellowship for Reconciliation, War Resisters League and the Women Strike
for Peace, WSP, held an organizational meeting for amnesty. FOR files indicate
the ACLU, AFSC, CALC, WRL, WSP and other organizations supported amnesty for deserters.[33]
for Peace, WSP, held an organizational meeting for amnesty. FOR files indicate
the ACLU, AFSC, CALC, WRL, WSP and other organizations supported amnesty for deserters.[33]
On April 11-15, 1974 a VVAW National Steering Committee would reaffirm its dedication to fight against imperialism and fight
for amnesty for deserters. The National Unitarian Organization of Churches,
NUOC, agreed to help pay for the VVAW amnesty campaign. Demonstrations were planned for May 17-18, 1974 and July 1- 4, 1974.[34]
for amnesty for deserters. The National Unitarian Organization of Churches,
NUOC, agreed to help pay for the VVAW amnesty campaign. Demonstrations were planned for May 17-18, 1974 and July 1- 4, 1974.[34]
In June VVAW/WSO conducted workshops on amnesty
through the Washington Peace Center Amnesty Project focusing on VVAW’s
Discharge Upgrading Project[35] using a National Council of Churches, NCC, film,
“Amnesty or Exile” before church and peace groups.
through the Washington Peace Center Amnesty Project focusing on VVAW’s
Discharge Upgrading Project[35] using a National Council of Churches, NCC, film,
“Amnesty or Exile” before church and peace groups.
On occasion in the
Washington region the conservative Young Americans for Freedom debated the
issue. On WMAL-Channel 7, Henry Swartzchild of ACLU, Sen. Claireborne Pell and
Rev. Sterling Morse of NCC favored amnesty. Sen. Strom Thurmond, Rep. Larry
Hogan and Brian Jones, VFW, opposed.[36]
Washington region the conservative Young Americans for Freedom debated the
issue. On WMAL-Channel 7, Henry Swartzchild of ACLU, Sen. Claireborne Pell and
Rev. Sterling Morse of NCC favored amnesty. Sen. Strom Thurmond, Rep. Larry
Hogan and Brian Jones, VFW, opposed.[36]
Meanwhile Hanoi had released POWS according to their own schedule and agenda.
…VVAW Goes International in St. Louis
August 23-27, 1973 nearly 70 members of VVAW from 15 states attended the National steering
committee in St. Louis, Missouri. Discussions covered recruiting GI’s at bases
overseas and detecting and jamming U.S. electronic surveillance.
committee in St. Louis, Missouri. Discussions covered recruiting GI’s at bases
overseas and detecting and jamming U.S. electronic surveillance.
Barry Romo read a telegram from a Cambodian General “thanking the American people and the VVAW
for…stopping the bombing in Cambodia. …Keep up the good work.”[37]
for…stopping the bombing in Cambodia. …Keep up the good work.”[37]
Romo had been communicating with the
Cambodian shadow government of Norodom Sihanouk, which had fallen under Khmer
Rouge control in May.
Cambodian shadow government of Norodom Sihanouk, which had fallen under Khmer
Rouge control in May.
The Khmer Rouge–butchers of two million people–would never be remembered for its good
works. Bill Hager objected to the Marxist-Leninist slant of VVAW national—Sam Schorr and Venceremos Brigadier
Brian Adams. For such Bill Hager was deemed incapable of political growth.[38]
works. Bill Hager objected to the Marxist-Leninist slant of VVAW national—Sam Schorr and Venceremos Brigadier
Brian Adams. For such Bill Hager was deemed incapable of political growth.[38]
…VVAW Solidarity With Khmer Krahom: Barry Romo
In Paris December 8-9, 1973, VVAW members Barry Romo and Peter Zastrow attended a Conference of
Solidarity with the Cambodian People.
Solidarity with the Cambodian People.
The Cambodian Khmer Krahom had previously awed the VVAW delegates at the WPC conference in Moscow.
Romo had faithfully reported the Cambodian communist agenda. The Khmer Krahom demanded
the U.S. stop bombing Cambodia and aiding the “puppet” Lon Nol regime. It also
and recognize the Khmer Krahom dominated Royal Government of National Union of
now puppet Prince Norodom Sihanouk. “With the rainy season ending shortly in
Cambodia, the liberation forces will be on the move and in need of as much support as we can give them.”
the U.S. stop bombing Cambodia and aiding the “puppet” Lon Nol regime. It also
and recognize the Khmer Krahom dominated Royal Government of National Union of
now puppet Prince Norodom Sihanouk. “With the rainy season ending shortly in
Cambodia, the liberation forces will be on the move and in need of as much support as we can give them.”
VVAW delegates to the Paris conference, Romo and Zastrow, vowed, “to continue our support of the
struggle of the people of Cambodia” against American bombing and the puppet Lon Nol.[39]
struggle of the people of Cambodia” against American bombing and the puppet Lon Nol.[39]
And the Cambodians made a chilling forecast: “They do not intend to settle for anything less than total victory.”[40]
Saloth Sâr, Pol Pot, brutal leader of the Khmer Krahom was on the payrolls of Vietnamese and Chinese Communists and
Paris trained. Sar was fan of utopian socialism and took his practical
political instruction from reading Lenin, Stalin and Mao in Paris cafes.
Paris trained. Sar was fan of utopian socialism and took his practical
political instruction from reading Lenin, Stalin and Mao in Paris cafes.
Communists Rain Artillery and Rockets on Fleeing Cambodians
Meanwhile, back in Cambodia
the NVA and Khmer Rouge rained artillery and rockets upon the civilian
population of Phnom Penh, Cambodia who fled to safety or hunkered down in
bunkers, ditches and behind sandbags.
the NVA and Khmer Rouge rained artillery and rockets upon the civilian
population of Phnom Penh, Cambodia who fled to safety or hunkered down in
bunkers, ditches and behind sandbags.
Agence France Presse reported 100 dead and 300
wounded over four days.
wounded over four days.
Elizabeth Becker told readers of the Washington Post,
“One can only imagine that many more wounded and dead were lying undiscovered
in bunkers and ditches.” Becker noted, “Phenom Penh is now experiencing the war
the way countless other villages have during the past three years.”
“One can only imagine that many more wounded and dead were lying undiscovered
in bunkers and ditches.” Becker noted, “Phenom Penh is now experiencing the war
the way countless other villages have during the past three years.”
An unidentified European women, said, “I saw a rocket land just ahead of me.
…bodies shot into the sky so I ran home and drank one scotch.”[41]
…bodies shot into the sky so I ran home and drank one scotch.”[41]
The woman left in a few days yet another witness removed from the scene of a secret war of artillery and
terror in Cambodia. The North Vietnamese communists and Khmer Krahom were far more evil than America’s long pilloried
“secret” bombing reported in every day’s New York Times.
terror in Cambodia. The North Vietnamese communists and Khmer Krahom were far more evil than America’s long pilloried
“secret” bombing reported in every day’s New York Times.
Conclusion
In “Vietnam-HD” Barry Romo was falsely identified as a spokesman for American veterans in Vietnam. He
was a willing and enthusiastic agent of Hanoi during the war. He and others
like him did not seek peace in Vietnam. They sought victory for the Communist enemy and a transformed America.
was a willing and enthusiastic agent of Hanoi during the war. He and others
like him did not seek peace in Vietnam. They sought victory for the Communist enemy and a transformed America.
The horrific consequences for the peoples of Indochina cannot be fixed by a correction of Barry Romo’s curriculum vitae, but perhaps history can catch up with the truth.
POST WAR UPDATE: Transforming America
Revolutionary Union–Revolutionary Communist Party.
Besides aiding Hanoi Romo’s VVAW continued on a far leftist path to transform America under
their increasingly a false flag of veterans rights.
their increasingly a false flag of veterans rights.
Many sympathetic historians of VVAW, FBI informers, and local police reports agree on the critical facts.
During 1973, members of the Maoist Robert Avakian’s Revolutionary Union, RU (in fall of 1975
renamed the Revolutionary Communist Party, RCP) became active in VVAW[42]
with Barry Romo’s support. The RU faction claimed to represent an activist
veteran’s “vanguard of revolutionary change.”
renamed the Revolutionary Communist Party, RCP) became active in VVAW[42]
with Barry Romo’s support. The RU faction claimed to represent an activist
veteran’s “vanguard of revolutionary change.”
In supporting the Revolutionary
Union (Revolutionary Communist Party) faction, Barry Romo said VVAW had to
avoid becoming a “Petite bourgeois debating society.” It was a classic split
between Maoists and other communists, single issue versus multiple issue.[43]
Union (Revolutionary Communist Party) faction, Barry Romo said VVAW had to
avoid becoming a “Petite bourgeois debating society.” It was a classic split
between Maoists and other communists, single issue versus multiple issue.[43]
Like Barry Romo, VVAW’s Joe Urgo was also a member of the Revolutionary Communist
Party USA, RCUSA along with SDs members Clark Kissinger and Carl Davidson.[44]
Party USA, RCUSA along with SDs members Clark Kissinger and Carl Davidson.[44]
VVAW Honors Disloyal POWs
In 1973 The VVAW appily recognized and welcomed home the POW’s Peace Committee which had
voluntarily made propaganda broadcast for Hanoi from the “Hanoi Hilton” where other
POWs were tortured to confess war crimes. VVAW listed the names and address of
the collaborators in VVAW minutes and newsletters. [45]
voluntarily made propaganda broadcast for Hanoi from the “Hanoi Hilton” where other
POWs were tortured to confess war crimes. VVAW listed the names and address of
the collaborators in VVAW minutes and newsletters. [45]
This VVAW roll of honor was SSG John A. Young, Sp4 Michael Branch, SSG Robert
P. Chenoweth, SSG James A. Daly, Sgt. Abel L. Kavanaugh, SSG King David Rayford
Jr., SSG Alphonso Ray Riate, and Pvt. Frederick L. Elbert Jr.
P. Chenoweth, SSG James A. Daly, Sgt. Abel L. Kavanaugh, SSG King David Rayford
Jr., SSG Alphonso Ray Riate, and Pvt. Frederick L. Elbert Jr.
The now Marxist VAW had dropped the commissioned officers, members of the ruling class Col.
Miller and Cmd. Wilber, from their honor roll. The VVAW was surely under orrect party discipline.
Miller and Cmd. Wilber, from their honor roll. The VVAW was surely under orrect party discipline.
Revolutionary Communist Party
In the fall of 1974, RU became the Revolutionary Communist party (RCP). VVAW/WSO members Barry
Romo, Bill Davis, and Pete Zastrow numbered among the founders. Uncertain about taking over VVAW/ WSO Davis, Zastrow, and Romo were elected to the national
office. “Their takeover resulted in the disintegration of the organization. By
the fall of Saigon in May 1975, VVAW/WSO had become just another small eft-wing splinter group.”[46]
Romo, Bill Davis, and Pete Zastrow numbered among the founders. Uncertain about taking over VVAW/ WSO Davis, Zastrow, and Romo were elected to the national
office. “Their takeover resulted in the disintegration of the organization. By
the fall of Saigon in May 1975, VVAW/WSO had become just another small eft-wing splinter group.”[46]
In December 1974 according o an FBI report, “VVAW/WSO leaders voted at the Nat’l. Steering Committee meeting
to align with the RU, which organization follows a strict Maoist line designed o bring about violent revolution in the U.S.”[47]
to align with the RU, which organization follows a strict Maoist line designed o bring about violent revolution in the U.S.”[47]
Celebrating Communist Victories
A VVAW/WSO letter ays, “The Vietnamese and Cambodians have won great victories …aided by
progressive people and organizations throughout the world … such as IPC and
VVAW/WSO. …We too will one day celebrate our victory over imperialism.”[48]
progressive people and organizations throughout the world … such as IPC and
VVAW/WSO. …We too will one day celebrate our victory over imperialism.”[48]
New York: Khmer Rouge Welcomed
Five months after te fall of Phnom Penh on September 6, 1975 IPC, VVAW/WSO, the Maoist
Revolutionary Union (Revolutionary Communist Party), and the CPUSA sponsored a
reception at John C. Bennett’s Union Theological Seminary to receive thanks
from two Kampuchea (Cambodian) generals and Vice Prime Minister Ieng Sary for te American left’s support against “U.S. imperialist forces.”[49]
Revolutionary Union (Revolutionary Communist Party), and the CPUSA sponsored a
reception at John C. Bennett’s Union Theological Seminary to receive thanks
from two Kampuchea (Cambodian) generals and Vice Prime Minister Ieng Sary for te American left’s support against “U.S. imperialist forces.”[49]
The Americans members of the antiwar movement had helped unleash one of the most loodthirsty regimes in human history.
The National ffice Collective of VVAW/WSO had thought the Indochina Peace Campaign, IPC,
was insufficiently revolutionary for getting involved in electoral politics.
Revolutionary Tom Hayden has decided to run for the U.S. Senate in California.[50]
was insufficiently revolutionary for getting involved in electoral politics.
Revolutionary Tom Hayden has decided to run for the U.S. Senate in California.[50]
Planning to Disrupt America’s 200th Birthday
After the war Romo’s VAW’s sought to disrupt the 200th birthday of the Republic on July , 1976.
VVAW and Revolutionary Communist Party eadership
Dr. William Kintner, Professor at the University of Pennsylvania testified before the Senate a rival July 4th Coalition, a radical group, the
Revolutionary Communist Party (formerly the Revolutionary Union) planned demonstrations
in Philadelphia on the Fourth of July 1976 under the slogan. “Get the rich
off our backs!” According to Kintner, “The RCP, a Maoist-Communist group” sought to
organize thousands of through its own “RCP youth organization, the
Revolutionary Student Brigade and the Vietnam Vietnam Veterans Against the War,
which some consider an RCP front operation.”[51]
Revolutionary Communist Party (formerly the Revolutionary Union) planned demonstrations
in Philadelphia on the Fourth of July 1976 under the slogan. “Get the rich
off our backs!” According to Kintner, “The RCP, a Maoist-Communist group” sought to
organize thousands of through its own “RCP youth organization, the
Revolutionary Student Brigade and the Vietnam Vietnam Veterans Against the War,
which some consider an RCP front operation.”[51]
Promotional materials for the July 4th demonstrations showed Romo’s VVAW taking
a leading role from the beginning. ““It is in this spirit that the Vietnam
Veterans Against the War put out the original call…” And “The Unemployed
Workers Organizing Committee has since endorsed the rally, along with many
other fighting workers’ organizations.” Promotional materials listed The July
4th Coalition as including Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Unemployed Workers
Organizing Committee, Revolutionary Communist Party, Revolutionary Student Brigade and unspecified others.
a leading role from the beginning. ““It is in this spirit that the Vietnam
Veterans Against the War put out the original call…” And “The Unemployed
Workers Organizing Committee has since endorsed the rally, along with many
other fighting workers’ organizations.” Promotional materials listed The July
4th Coalition as including Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Unemployed Workers
Organizing Committee, Revolutionary Communist Party, Revolutionary Student Brigade and unspecified others.
The two key demands were to be “Jobs or Income Now” and “We Won’t Fight in a Rich Man’s War!”[52]
Inspector George Fenel, Philadelphia Police Department testified that the plans were to take
physical action for “Four Days of Raising Hell. Targets were “museums,
statues, forts.” And that “every time the rich celebrate, we should be there and be visible for the 4 days.”
physical action for “Four Days of Raising Hell. Targets were “museums,
statues, forts.” And that “every time the rich celebrate, we should be there and be visible for the 4 days.”
VVAW and Barry Romo Lead Protest
Inspector Fenel alsodescribed Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) as the main organizer of a July
4th Coalition planning conference held on March 27 and 28, 1976, at New York
University in New York City attended by about 200 persons. The goal was 60,000
in march and rally where “We will do what we have to.”
4th Coalition planning conference held on March 27 and 28, 1976, at New York
University in New York City attended by about 200 persons. The goal was 60,000
in march and rally where “We will do what we have to.”
The Rich Off Our Back July 4th Coalition split off from the main coalition. Barry Romo was among
its spokesman including June Cohen, Roger Tauss. Glen Kirby.[53]
its spokesman including June Cohen, Roger Tauss. Glen Kirby.[53]
By 1978, there was a split with Romo and others creating VVAW-AI [Anti-Imperialist] as an offshoot
of the larger VVAW/WSO. (Nicosia 2001, 312-313; Moser 1996, 127).
of the larger VVAW/WSO. (Nicosia 2001, 312-313; Moser 1996, 127).
A number of sources allege that Barry Romo was a founding member of the Revolutionary
Communist Party, RCP. Some also show he had disputes with RCP. It appears he a
Maoist in VVAW created RCP along with VVAW members Bill Davis and Mike Zastrow
and with Maoist and Revolutionary Union member Robert Avakian.[54]
Communist Party, RCP. Some also show he had disputes with RCP. It appears he a
Maoist in VVAW created RCP along with VVAW members Bill Davis and Mike Zastrow
and with Maoist and Revolutionary Union member Robert Avakian.[54]
Romo Stays Left
Romo’s credentials have remained far left and associated with Communists and their fronts. A Chicago New Party (the Democratic Socialists of America,
ACORN and SEIU) mailing list circa 1993 included Barry Romo, VVAW.
ACORN and SEIU) mailing list circa 1993 included Barry Romo, VVAW.
In 1994 Barry Romo, Chicago was listed on a “Membership, Subscription and Mailing List”
for the Chicago Committees of Correspondence, an offshoot of the CPUSA.[55]
for the Chicago Committees of Correspondence, an offshoot of the CPUSA.[55]
Barry Romo has been frequently cited and once published (May 27, 2005) in People’s World, self-described as a “direct descendant of the Dailey Worker…
“We enjoy a special relationship with the Communist Party USA, founded in 1919, and publish its news and views.”
By 2007 on VVAW stationary Romo condemns far leftists in VVAW. “The ultra-leftists, Trotskyists,
Maoists, Stalinists, anarchists, and Avakianoids are mostly estranged from
their own families, mostly active on campuses… and number in the thousands….Let’s
be clear. I don’t want them driven out of the movement or kept from speaking
(except for the Revolutionary Communist Party)…”[56]
Maoists, Stalinists, anarchists, and Avakianoids are mostly estranged from
their own families, mostly active on campuses… and number in the thousands….Let’s
be clear. I don’t want them driven out of the movement or kept from speaking
(except for the Revolutionary Communist Party)…”[56]
In defending Marxist Ward Churchill, Romo condemned the Revolutionary Communist Party.
In opposing the Iraq War Romo has worked with radical, communist influenced antiwar organizationa just as he did in Vietnam.
Romo’s complaints about RCP and Communists are tactical and sectarian, not fundamental.
As a moderator at the VVAW’s “Winter Soldier” investigation of American war crimes in Detroit (
January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971) Barry Romo said, “[T]he pacification
program…consisted of moving or forcing villagers to leave their homes…to deny
them to the Communists….I saw the use of artillery fire against civilian
targets… with no regard taken for the Vietnamese. I saw rice stolen from
Vietnamese because it was considered too much for them to have. I saw also a
general racist attitude by most Americans towards the Vietnamese.”[57]
January 31, 1971, February 1 and 2, 1971) Barry Romo said, “[T]he pacification
program…consisted of moving or forcing villagers to leave their homes…to deny
them to the Communists….I saw the use of artillery fire against civilian
targets… with no regard taken for the Vietnamese. I saw rice stolen from
Vietnamese because it was considered too much for them to have. I saw also a
general racist attitude by most Americans towards the Vietnamese.”[57]
Romo said that the My Lai murder of innocent civilians was “general policy and not an isolated
incident. We’re trained… to kill…. It is not the fault of Lieutenant Calley. It
is not the fault of the infantryman in his platoon, but the fault of the U.S.
government and the U.S. military…The whole system is… set up to dehumanize us
and to make everybody we see a nonhuman so that we can kill them. It would be
impossible with our background to go into a village and kill a woman and child
unless we looked at those people as nonhumans…. that’s how we look at the Vietnamese.”[58]
incident. We’re trained… to kill…. It is not the fault of Lieutenant Calley. It
is not the fault of the infantryman in his platoon, but the fault of the U.S.
government and the U.S. military…The whole system is… set up to dehumanize us
and to make everybody we see a nonhuman so that we can kill them. It would be
impossible with our background to go into a village and kill a woman and child
unless we looked at those people as nonhumans…. that’s how we look at the Vietnamese.”[58]
[1]
Veterans: Jack Calhoun, William Cathcart, Jerry Chodick, Gerry Condon, Donald
Duncan, Jan Barry Crumb, Jack Godoy, Frank Hoffman, Al Hubbard, Pfc. James
Johnson, Bill Jones, John Kerry, Dee Knight, Steve Krauss, Robert Levine, Bob
Marinaro, Peter Martinsen, Donald McDonough, Robert Bruce MacLeod, Dennis Mora,
James Purdy, Barry Romo, David Samas, John Seeley, Mike Spector, David Kenneth
Tuck, Terry Whitmore and many others.
[2] E.g. WILPF’s Carol Pendell consulted with KGB officer, Sergi Paramanov, First
Secretary of the Soviet Mission. John
Barron, KGB Today, Reader’s Digest Press, 1983, 242-3. VVAW had a number
of Soviet bloc contacts.
[3] Tim Wheeler and Gene
Tournour, “Vets Dump Medals, Nixon Ducks March,” Daily World, April 23,
1971 at Wintersoldier.com … CDW0424_1.jpg
[4] Vietnam HD, History Channel, November
2011.
[5] Tim Wheeler and Gene
Tournour, “Vets Dump Medals, Nixon Ducks March,” Daily World, April 23,
1971 at Wintersoldier.com … CDW0424_1.jpg
[6] ttp://www.homeofheroes.com/valor/0_DSC/4_rvn/dsc_rvn_list.html
[7] tp://www.homeofheroes.com/medals/purple_heart/purple_heart.html
[8] Pitkins recollections are a http://www.wintersoldier.com/staticpages/index.php?page=YesterdaysLies1. Armond Noble, publisher of
Military magazine, says that phony vts often have chests filled with medals worn in inappropriate patterns.
[9 Directive No. 31 OT/TV, pril 28, 1971 captured in the field by the 23rd infantry Division
forwarded to Commander, United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
(COMUSMACV) and to Combined Documents Exploitation Center, CDEC, at the
United States Military Assistance Command, Saigon, Vietnam. Directive 31 is
CDEC Doc Log No. 05-1660-71 and item number 2150901041 on line at the Vietnam
Archive at Texas Tech. Also cited in small part in Thomas Lipscomb, “Hanoi
Approved of Role Played by Anti-War Vets, New York Sun, October 26, 2004
at nysun.com/article/7356A. The Combined Documentation Exploitation Center
(CDEC) was created in October 1966 under the MACV Assistant Chief of Staff for
Intelligence (J-2), with the mission of receiving and exploiting captured enemy
documents as a source of military intelligence for assessments and
planning.
[1o] BI, VVAW, Member[s] of ubject organization, n.d., 6.
[11] Scot Swett and Tim Zigler cite transcripts of recorded messages from US servicemen captured
in South Vietnam, August 1971, FBI VVAW, HQ 100-448092, section 11, 174-181.
[12] “Pham Van Dong Receives Two
Antiwar Delegations,” Hanoi International News Service, 1557 GMT, August 26,
1971, TTU Archive cited in Rothrock, Divided…171n35
[13] FBI, Houston to Director,
Teletype, URGENT April 12, 1972 list
names. For reasons unknown three names were redacted under FOIA- George Smith,
David Ross and Marty Jordan on Jan 1, 1994; FBI, Acting Director to SACs (List
Albany St. Louis), VVAW-IS-Revolutionary Activities, URGENT TELETYPE May 2,
1972, 7.
[14] FBI, Domestic Intelligence Division, Informative Note, April 12, 1972.
[15] FBI, fragment CV 100-31431, 3.
[16] FBI, New Haven memo, VVAW, May 31, 1972.
[17] FBI, St. Louis to Acting
Director, VVAW-IS-RA, 7;56 PM NITEL, May 12, 1972; FBI fragment May 24,1972,
file 100-448092, 2481-9
[18] FBI, Acting Director to
President, COLIFAM, internal Security-Revolutionary Activities, 6:05AM December
12, 1972
[19] Fourth Estate (University of Colorado), February 20, 1973 cited in FBI, Denver, Memo, “VVAW,
Appearance of Barry Romo, National Coordinator, in Colorado, February 15-16,
1973,” Denver, February 27, 1973; FBI, Legat Rome to Acting Director, VVAW,
IS-RA, Hilev, TELETYPE 4:30 PM January 30, 1973.
[20] Truong Nhu Tang cited in Larry Berman, No Peace, No Honor, 216.
[21] Eschmann, 179N22.
[22] Eschmann, 202-203.
[23] FBI, Legat Rome to Acting Director, VVAW, IS-RA, Hilev, TELETYPE 4:30 PM January 30, 1973.
[24] Eschmann, 74-5 cites: W. Hays Parks, “Line Backer and the Law of War,” Air University
Review, Vol. 34, No. 2, (January-February 1983), 18.
[25] Eschmann, 80 N 27 cites:
Brig. Gen. James R. McCarthy, Et Al, U.S.A.F., Linebacker II,
Airpower Research Institute, Maxwell AFB, Al, 1979, 46-47.
[26] Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History, 653
[27] FBI, Chicago to acting Director, VVAW-IS-Ra Protests During Presidential Inaugural Ceremonies,
TELETYPE 756pM URGENT January 9, 1973
[28] FBI, Tampa to Acting
Director, VVAW-IS-RA, TELEYPE 8:15 PM January 16, 1973.
[29] FBI, Kansas City, Demonstrations During Presidential Inauguration, 1973” LHM, January 30, 1973;
FBI, Washington, “Protests During Presidential Inauguration, 1973,” LHM, February 5, 1973.
[30] Acting Director to Chicago, VVAW National Steering Committee Meeting Placitas, New Mexico, 4/19-23/73,
April 12, 1973;
[31] St. John’s Unitarian Church in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 21-23, 1973.
[32] October 26-28, 1973; FBI, [Redacted] to Acting Director, VVAW/WSO. IS-RA,
TELETYPE 7:23 PM URGENT April 26, 1973; FBI Jacksonville, LHM, VVAW/Winter
Soldier Organization, April 30, 1973; SAC, Denver to Director, VVAW-IS-RA, July
30, 1973; FBI, Cincinnati to Director, “Proposed Midwest Amnesty Conference,
Sponsored by VVAW, Cincinnati, 9/21-23/73,” NITEL, 613 PM, September 18, 1973
CFR; FBI, [REDACTED] to Director, “Proposed Midwest Amnesty Conference,
Sponsored by VVAW, Cincinnati, 9/21-23/73,” NITEL 742 PM September 24, 1973.
[33] Records of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, USA,(FOR-USA), files of Jack Travers, Amnesty Coordinator,
DG 013, Section 2, Series G, G-8, Box 22,23, 24,25 Swarthmore College Library at Swarthmore.edu/library/peace.
[34] FBI, Milwaukee to Director,
VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee; Milwaukee, Wis., April 11-15,
1974.IS-VVAW/WSO. 00: Chicago. TELETYPE, 11:15PMTVKNITEL April 14, 1974, 1-2;
Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, June 1974, July 1974.
[35] Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, June 1974.
[36] Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, July 1974.
[37] FBI, [REDACTED] to
Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri,
6/23-27/73, IS-VVAW-WSO, TELETYPE, 12-35 PM URGENT August 31, 1973; FBI, St.
Louis to Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee Meeting, St. Louis,
Missouri, 6/23-27/73, IS-VVAW-WSO, TELETYPE, 1120 PM NITEL August 27, 1973.
[38] FBI, [REDACTED] to Director, VVAW/WSO; IS-RA, TELETYPE, 1114PM NITEL September 19, 1973.
[39] “Two VVAW/WSO Members Attend Conference on Cambodia,” National Office, Newsletter #16, Dec. 5. 1973, 3.
[40] VVAW, National Office, Newsletter, # 14, November 1973, 12-13.
[41] Elizabeth Becker, “The Agony of Phnom Penh… On
Edge As Insurgents Escalate Artillery Fire,” Washington Post, January 28, 1974, A-1.
[42] Mark D. Harmon, Found, Featured, then Forgotten: U.S. Network TV News and the Vietnam Veterans
Against the War, Knoxville: New Found Press, 2011, Digital version at
www.newfoundpress.utk.edu/pubs/harmon
Against the War, Knoxville: New Found Press, 2011, Digital version at
www.newfoundpress.utk.edu/pubs/harmon
[43] Jeanne Friedman cited in Andrew Hunt, The Turning: A History of Vietnam Veterans
Against the War, New York University Press, 180n60; Barry Romo at 181.
Against the War, New York University Press, 180n60; Barry Romo at 181.
[44] National Office Collective of VVAW/WSO to Dear IPC members, June 3, 1975.
[45] “Eight POWs Charged,” Weekly Indochina News Report, VVAW, Number 4, June 29, 1973.
[46] Vietnam Vets, “John Kerry and VVAW (Vietnam Veterans Against the War), Bella Ciao, Sunday August 29, 2004 – 22:36,
http://bellaciao.org/en/spip.php?article3093
http://bellaciao.org/en/spip.php?article3093
[47] FBI Rpt. 12/15/75, S 75, p. 171-172.
[48] National Office Collective of VVAW/WSO to Dear IPC members, June 3, 1975.
[49] FBI, VVAW/WSO, fragment, October 8, 1975.
[50] National Office Collective of VVAW/WSO to Dear IPC members, June 3, 1975.
[51] THREATS TO THE PEACEFUL OBSERVANCE OF THE
BICENTENNIAL, Hearing Before The Subcommittee To Investigate To Investigate
The Administration Of The Internal Security Act And Other Internal Security
Laws Of The Committee On The Judiciary of
The United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth
Congress, Second Session June 18, 1976, 75-425 Washington 1976, p. 19.
http://www.archive.org/stream/threatstopeacefu00unit/threatstopeacefu00unit_djvu.txt
BICENTENNIAL, Hearing Before The Subcommittee To Investigate To Investigate
The Administration Of The Internal Security Act And Other Internal Security
Laws Of The Committee On The Judiciary of
The United States Senate, Ninety-Fourth
Congress, Second Session June 18, 1976, 75-425 Washington 1976, p. 19.
http://www.archive.org/stream/threatstopeacefu00unit/threatstopeacefu00unit_djvu.txt
[52] “Fight Back July 4!…”, pamphlet, RICH OFF OUR BACKS JULY 4TH COALITION, Revolutionary Student Brigade, Chicago, “The
Revolutionary Communist Party has forwarded to us your request for copies…” Appendix to[11] THREATS TO THE PEACEFUL OBSERVANCE OF THE
BICENTENNIAL, Hearing Before The Subcommittee To Investigate To Investigate
The Administration Of The Internal Security Act And Other Internal Security
Laws Of The Committee On The Judiciary of The United States Senate,
Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session June 18, 1976, 75-425 Washington 1976, 109.
http://www.archive.org/stream/threatstopeacefu00unit/threatstopeacefu00unit_djvu.txt p. 109.
Revolutionary Communist Party has forwarded to us your request for copies…” Appendix to[11] THREATS TO THE PEACEFUL OBSERVANCE OF THE
BICENTENNIAL, Hearing Before The Subcommittee To Investigate To Investigate
The Administration Of The Internal Security Act And Other Internal Security
Laws Of The Committee On The Judiciary of The United States Senate,
Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session June 18, 1976, 75-425 Washington 1976, 109.
http://www.archive.org/stream/threatstopeacefu00unit/threatstopeacefu00unit_djvu.txt p. 109.
[53] THREATS TO THE PEACEFUL OBSERVANCE OF THE
BICENTENNIAL, Hearing Before The Subcommittee To Investigate To Investigate
The Administration Of The Internal Security Act And Other Internal Security Laws
Of The Committee On The Judiciary of The United States Senate,
Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session June 18, 1976, 75-425 Washington 1976,p.
40. http://www.archive.org/stream/threatstopeacefu00unit/threatstopeacefu00unit_djvu.txt
BICENTENNIAL, Hearing Before The Subcommittee To Investigate To Investigate
The Administration Of The Internal Security Act And Other Internal Security Laws
Of The Committee On The Judiciary of The United States Senate,
Ninety-Fourth Congress, Second Session June 18, 1976, 75-425 Washington 1976,p.
40. http://www.archive.org/stream/threatstopeacefu00unit/threatstopeacefu00unit_djvu.txt
[54] As a Founder of Revolutionary Communist Party along with other VVAW members, Bill Davis and Pete Zastrow. Maoist founder Robert Akavian is
unmentioned here in a discussion of internal VVAW factions. Ssee: Melvin Small and William D. Hoover
(eds.), Give Peace a Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement : Essays from the Charles Debenedetti Memorial Conference, Syracuse: Syracuse
Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution, June 1992, p. 152, note 24. http://books.google.com/books?id=j-AUuKaDCKUC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=barry+romo+%22revolutionary+communist+party%22&source=bl&ots=1T4m4vVbDh&sig=Nu5q0r5cDwDeg1VrpeNbDh_vaDk&hl=en&ei=iznLTtCXG6nYiQLUgqTBCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=barry%20romo%20%22revolutionary%20communist%20party%22&f=false;
unmentioned here in a discussion of internal VVAW factions. Ssee: Melvin Small and William D. Hoover
(eds.), Give Peace a Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement : Essays from the Charles Debenedetti Memorial Conference, Syracuse: Syracuse
Studies on Peace and Conflict Resolution, June 1992, p. 152, note 24. http://books.google.com/books?id=j-AUuKaDCKUC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=barry+romo+%22revolutionary+communist+party%22&source=bl&ots=1T4m4vVbDh&sig=Nu5q0r5cDwDeg1VrpeNbDh_vaDk&hl=en&ei=iznLTtCXG6nYiQLUgqTBCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=barry%20romo%20%22revolutionary%20communist%20party%22&f=false;
Romo as RCP activist in disputes among VVAW members in Riverside County California, see: eyewitness Steve Hassna, “VietNam Veterans
Against the War – Part II 1975 and Into the Abyss,” http://www.sonomacountyfreepress.com/hassna/vvaw2.html;
Against the War – Part II 1975 and Into the Abyss,” http://www.sonomacountyfreepress.com/hassna/vvaw2.html;
Romo as part of a RCP, Maoist take over of VVAW in 1971-1972 see: Tim Ziegler, Scott
Swett and Max Friedman, “Interview with Max Friedman,” The Inquisition, Right
Talk Radio, July 4, 2005, transcript at www.tosettherecordstraight.com/staticpages/index.Php?p…j.
Swett and Max Friedman, “Interview with Max Friedman,” The Inquisition, Right
Talk Radio, July 4, 2005, transcript at www.tosettherecordstraight.com/staticpages/index.Php?p…j.
[56]“New Party,” http://keywiki.org/index.php/New_Party
[57] Barry Romo, The Veteran, Fall 2007, Volume 37, No. 2.
[58] Also, “All it has been has been the atrocities that have been committed and not the reasons
why. And it boils down to one thing, and that’s racism.” Third World Panel, Part
I, http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_32_3d_World.html
why. And it boils down to one thing, and that’s racism.” Third World Panel, Part
I, http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_32_3d_World.html
[59]
“Americal Division,” Winter Soldier Investigation. http://www.wintersoldier.com/staticpages/index.php?page=2004031620223057&mode=print
“Americal Division,” Winter Soldier Investigation. http://www.wintersoldier.com/staticpages/index.php?page=2004031620223057&mode=print
WHAT READERS ARE SAYING: RELEVANCE
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“A major element of the Vietnam War never before fully explored. …Some met with our enemies to encourage
them…Canfield focuses the spotlight on this conduct so the full history can be
known.” B.G. “JUG” BURKETT, co-author Stolen Valor: How the Vietnam Generation Was Robbed of Its Heroes and Its
History. 1st Lt., US Army, 199th Light Infantry Brigade, Vietnam.
them…Canfield focuses the spotlight on this conduct so the full history can be
known.” B.G. “JUG” BURKETT, co-author Stolen Valor: How the Vietnam Generation Was Robbed of Its Heroes and Its
History. 1st Lt., US Army, 199th Light Infantry Brigade, Vietnam.
“The ULTIMATE source on Vietnam and the Left” LT. COL.
ROBERT “BUZZ” PATTERSON, US Air Force (Ret) Author of Dereliction of Duty, Reckless Disregard, War Crimes
ROBERT “BUZZ” PATTERSON, US Air Force (Ret) Author of Dereliction of Duty, Reckless Disregard, War Crimes
“VERY good. Interesting.” PROF. ROBERT TURNER, University of Virginia,
Author Vietnamese Communism: Its Origin and
Development, Editor The Real Lessons of the Vietnam War: Reflections
Twenty-Five Years After the Fall of Saigon. Capt. US Army Vietnam JUSPAO, American Embassy, Saigon.
Author Vietnamese Communism: Its Origin and
Development, Editor The Real Lessons of the Vietnam War: Reflections
Twenty-Five Years After the Fall of Saigon. Capt. US Army Vietnam JUSPAO, American Embassy, Saigon.
“Wow! …an invaluable reference…monumental achievement.” FEDORA, Free Republic.
“Dissects…US fronts for Hanoi,” Bruce Kesler, Sgt., USMC, Intelligence, Vietnam 1969-70, founder of
Vietnam Veterans for a Just Peace, 1971, contributing editor
familysecuritymatters.org, blogs on Maggie’s Farm.
Vietnam Veterans for a Just Peace, 1971, contributing editor
familysecuritymatters.org, blogs on Maggie’s Farm.
“Great…facts we will never see in the liberal media” DAN NGUYEN, Boat People
“Stunning…could have been written about what is happening now [in Iraq and Afghanistan].” RODNEY DALE, Texas
“Intriguing…raises never-before asked questions…” MELODY CONROY, W.W. Norton.
“GREAT…impressive book. “Comments
on Voice of America from Viet Kieu are positive.” NGHIA VO, Saigon Arts, Culture and
Education Institute, Author Bamboo Gulag, The Viet Kieu in
America and The Vietnamese Boat People. SACEI07.org.
on Voice of America from Viet Kieu are positive.” NGHIA VO, Saigon Arts, Culture and
Education Institute, Author Bamboo Gulag, The Viet Kieu in
America and The Vietnamese Boat People. SACEI07.org.
“Outstanding…we are all grateful…Should
drive a stake in the heart of the grand myths…a vital piece of work,
necessary to any meaningful comprehension.” BILL LAURIE, Co-author Whitewash
Blackwash: Myths of the Vietnam War, 1st Lt. US Army (Ret) and defense attaché (1971-1975).
drive a stake in the heart of the grand myths…a vital piece of work,
necessary to any meaningful comprehension.” BILL LAURIE, Co-author Whitewash
Blackwash: Myths of the Vietnam War, 1st Lt. US Army (Ret) and defense attaché (1971-1975).
“A terrific history of the second front,” PROFESSOR
VICTOR COMERCHERO, Sacramento State Univ., former radical antiwar activist.
VICTOR COMERCHERO, Sacramento State Univ., former radical antiwar activist.
“A damn good piece of work” MIKE BENGE, contributor to Washington
Times, History Channel, POW (1968-73), Vietnam: US Marines, 1956-1959,
International Voluntary Services (IVS), 1963-65; Foreign Service Officer, USAID, 1963-68.
Times, History Channel, POW (1968-73), Vietnam: US Marines, 1956-1959,
International Voluntary Services (IVS), 1963-65; Foreign Service Officer, USAID, 1963-68.
“Wow. Impressive…tour de force. I have never seen this breadth of information on the anti-war
crowd…A real jewel. Will make research of other Vietnam War scholars much
easier.” LT. COL. JAMES K. BRUTON, US Army SFT, Counterinsurgency Vietnam 1972.
crowd…A real jewel. Will make research of other Vietnam War scholars much
easier.” LT. COL. JAMES K. BRUTON, US Army SFT, Counterinsurgency Vietnam 1972.
“A tremendous project.” SCOTT SWETT, co-author To Set the
Record Straight Webmaster, Swift Boats Veterans and POWs for Truth,
wintersoldier.com, tosettherecordstraight.com
Record Straight Webmaster, Swift Boats Veterans and POWs for Truth,
wintersoldier.com, tosettherecordstraight.com
“Massive study of the Hanoi Lobby” MAX
FRIEDMAN, National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, New Mobilization, Student Mobe, Washington Mobe and
correspondent in So. Vietnam. Co-author The Human Cost of Communism in Vietnam, 1972.
FRIEDMAN, National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, New Mobilization, Student Mobe, Washington Mobe and
correspondent in So. Vietnam. Co-author The Human Cost of Communism in Vietnam, 1972.
“Canfield amply documents a small group of New Left radicals who subverted the efforts of the US
military in Vietnam with pro-Communist propaganda and disinformation campaigns
in America.” JAMES McLEROY, 1st Lt., Army Special Forces, I Corps, 1967-68.
military in Vietnam with pro-Communist propaganda and disinformation campaigns
in America.” JAMES McLEROY, 1st Lt., Army Special Forces, I Corps, 1967-68.
“I have been waiting for a book like Canfield’s for 40 years.” JACK J. GOERHRING III, Psychological War, Capt. US Army, Vietnam 1968-69.
“Takes the whole antiwar-activists-as-sincere-liberators myth and trashes
it… sets fire to the pile of pieces. Wow.
A… truly monumental achievement.” R. J. DEL VECCHIO Co-author Whitewash
Blackwash: Myths of the Vietnam War, Cpl. Marine combat
photographer, 1st Marine Division, Vietnam (1967-8),
it… sets fire to the pile of pieces. Wow.
A… truly monumental achievement.” R. J. DEL VECCHIO Co-author Whitewash
Blackwash: Myths of the Vietnam War, Cpl. Marine combat
photographer, 1st Marine Division, Vietnam (1967-8),
“Amazing…dig so deep and see so far ahead.” THU-MINH
HUYNH, son of Gen. Huynh Cao
HUYNH, son of Gen. Huynh Cao
“Recorded as the author has written” GEN.
HUYNH VAN CAO, Cdr. ARVN, 7th Division, 1961-63.
HUYNH VAN CAO, Cdr. ARVN, 7th Division, 1961-63.
“How well the NVA played the
political war…should be known before all the veterans of the war die.” MIKE O’CONNELL, 101st Airmobile
Division, 1969-1970.
political war…should be known before all the veterans of the war die.” MIKE O’CONNELL, 101st Airmobile
Division, 1969-1970.
Promotes historical truths… and unfolds the ugly, shameful and mischievous acts of the
anti-war liberals and leftists in the USA and all over the world. Joachim Le
anti-war liberals and leftists in the USA and all over the world. Joachim Le
“Masterpiece”, HUNG LE.
[1] Activist anti-war Veterans: Jack Calhoun, William Cathcart, Jerry Chodick, Gerry Condon, Donald
Duncan, Jan Barry Crumb, Jack Godoy, Frank Hoffman, Al Hubbard, Pfc. James
Johnson, Bill Jones, John Kerry, Dee Knight, Steve Krauss, Robert Levine, Bob
Marinaro, Peter Martinsen, Donald McDonough, Robert Bruce MacLeod, Dennis Mora,
James Purdy, Barry Romo, David Samas, John Seeley, Mike Spector, David Kenneth
Tuck, Joe Urgo, Terry Whitmore and many others in full text of Comrades in Arms.
Duncan, Jan Barry Crumb, Jack Godoy, Frank Hoffman, Al Hubbard, Pfc. James
Johnson, Bill Jones, John Kerry, Dee Knight, Steve Krauss, Robert Levine, Bob
Marinaro, Peter Martinsen, Donald McDonough, Robert Bruce MacLeod, Dennis Mora,
James Purdy, Barry Romo, David Samas, John Seeley, Mike Spector, David Kenneth
Tuck, Joe Urgo, Terry Whitmore and many others in full text of Comrades in Arms.
[2] E.g.WILPF’s Carol Pendell consulted with KGB officer, Sergi Paramanov, First
Secretary of the Soviet Mission. John Barron, KGB Today, Reader’s Digest Press, 1983, 242-3. VVAW had a number
of Soviet bloc contacts.
Secretary of the Soviet Mission. John Barron, KGB Today, Reader’s Digest Press, 1983, 242-3. VVAW had a number
of Soviet bloc contacts.
[3] Tim Wheeler and Gene Tournour, “Vets Dump Medals, Nixon Ducks March,” Daily World, April 23,
1971 at Wintersoldier.com … CDW0424_1.jpg
1971 at Wintersoldier.com … CDW0424_1.jpg
[4] Vietnam HD, History Channel, November 2011.
[5] Tim Wheeler and Gene Tournour, “Vets Dump Medals, Nixon Ducks March,” Daily World, April 23,
1971 at Wintersoldier.com … CDW0424_1.jpg
1971 at Wintersoldier.com … CDW0424_1.jpg
[8] Pitkins recollections are at http://www.wintersoldier.com/staticpages/index.php?page=YesterdaysLies1. Armond Noble, publisher of
Military magazine, says that phony vets often have chests filled with medals worn in inappropriate patterns.
Military magazine, says that phony vets often have chests filled with medals worn in inappropriate patterns.
[9] Directive No. 31 OT/TV, April 28, 1971 captured in the field by the 23rd infantry Division
forwarded to Commander, United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
(COMUSMACV) and to Combined Documents Exploitation Center, CDEC, at the
United States Military Assistance Command, Saigon, Vietnam. Directive 31 is
CDEC Doc Log No. 05-1660-71 and item number 2150901041 on line at the Vietnam
Archive at Texas Tech. Also cited in small part in Thomas Lipscomb, “Hanoi
Approved of Role Played by Anti-War Vets, New York Sun, October 26, 2004
at nysun.com/article/7356A. The Combined Documentation Exploitation Center
(CDEC) was created in October 1966 under the MACV Assistant Chief of Staff for
Intelligence (J-2), with the mission of receiving and exploiting captured enemy
documents as a source of military intelligence for assessments and planning.
forwarded to Commander, United States Military Assistance Command, Vietnam
(COMUSMACV) and to Combined Documents Exploitation Center, CDEC, at the
United States Military Assistance Command, Saigon, Vietnam. Directive 31 is
CDEC Doc Log No. 05-1660-71 and item number 2150901041 on line at the Vietnam
Archive at Texas Tech. Also cited in small part in Thomas Lipscomb, “Hanoi
Approved of Role Played by Anti-War Vets, New York Sun, October 26, 2004
at nysun.com/article/7356A. The Combined Documentation Exploitation Center
(CDEC) was created in October 1966 under the MACV Assistant Chief of Staff for
Intelligence (J-2), with the mission of receiving and exploiting captured enemy
documents as a source of military intelligence for assessments and planning.
[10] FBI, VVAW, Member[s] of subject organization, n.d., 6.
[11] Scott Swett and Tim Ziegler cite transcripts of recorded messages from US servicemen
captured in South Vietnam, August 1971, FBI VVAW, HQ 100-448092, section 11, 174-181.
captured in South Vietnam, August 1971, FBI VVAW, HQ 100-448092, section 11, 174-181.
[12] “Pham Van Dong Receives Two
Antiwar Delegations,” Hanoi International News Service, 1557 GMT, August 26,
1971, TTU Archive cited in Rothrock, Divided…171n35
Antiwar Delegations,” Hanoi International News Service, 1557 GMT, August 26,
1971, TTU Archive cited in Rothrock, Divided…171n35
[13] FBI, Houston to Director, Teletype, URGENT April 12, 1972 list names.
For reasons unknown three names were redacted under FOIA- George Smith, David
Ross and Marty Jordan on Jan 1, 1994; FBI, Acting Director to SACs (List Albany
St. Louis), VVAW-IS-Revolutionary Activities, URGENT TELETYPE May 2, 1972, 7.
For reasons unknown three names were redacted under FOIA- George Smith, David
Ross and Marty Jordan on Jan 1, 1994; FBI, Acting Director to SACs (List Albany
St. Louis), VVAW-IS-Revolutionary Activities, URGENT TELETYPE May 2, 1972, 7.
[14] FBI, Domestic Intelligence Division, Informative Note, April 12, 1972.
[15] FBI, fragment CV 100-31431, 3.
[16] FBI, New Haven memo, VVAW, May 31, 1972.
[17] FBI, St. Louis to Acting Director, VVAW-IS-RA, 7;56 PM NITEL, May 12, 1972; FBI fragment May 24,1972,
file 100-448092, 2481-9
file 100-448092, 2481-9
[18] FBI, Acting Director to President, COLIFAM, internal Security-Revolutionary Activities, 6:05AM December 12, 1972
[19] Fourth Estate (University of Colorado), February 20, 1973 cited in FBI, Denver, Memo, “VVAW,
Appearance of Barry Romo, National Coordinator, in Colorado, February 15-16,
1973,” Denver, February 27, 1973; FBI, Legat Rome to Acting Director, VVAW,
IS-RA, Hilev, TELETYPE 4:30 PM January 30, 1973.
Appearance of Barry Romo, National Coordinator, in Colorado, February 15-16,
1973,” Denver, February 27, 1973; FBI, Legat Rome to Acting Director, VVAW,
IS-RA, Hilev, TELETYPE 4:30 PM January 30, 1973.
[20] Truong Nhu Tang cited in Larry Berman, No Peace, No Honor, 216.
[21] Karl J. Eschmann, Linebacker: The Untold Story of the Air Raids Over North Vietnam, New York: Ballantine Books, 1989, 179N22.
[22] Eschmann, 202-203.
[23] FBI, Legat Rome to Acting Director, VVAW, IS-RA, Hilev, TELETYPE 4:30 PM January 30, 1973.
[24] Eschmann, 74-5 cites: W. Hays Parks, “Line Backer and the Law of War,” Air University
Review, Vol. 34, No. 2, (January-February 1983), 18.
Review, Vol. 34, No. 2, (January-February 1983), 18.
[25] Eschmann, 80 N 27 cites: Brig. Gen. James R. McCarthy, Et Al, U.S.A.F., Linebacker II,
Airpower Research Institute, Maxwell AFB, Al, 1979, 46-47.
Airpower Research Institute, Maxwell AFB, Al, 1979, 46-47.
[26] Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History, 653
[27] FBI, Chicago to acting Director, VVAW-IS-Ra Protests During Presidential Inaugural Ceremonies,
TELETYPE 756pM URGENT January 9, 1973
TELETYPE 756pM URGENT January 9, 1973
[28] FBI, Tampa to Acting Director, VVAW-IS-RA, TELEYPE 8:15 PM January 16, 1973.
[29] FBI, Kansas City, Demonstrations During Presidential Inauguration, 1973” LHM, January 30, 1973;
FBI, Washington, “Protests During Presidential Inauguration, 1973,” LHM, February 5, 1973.
FBI, Washington, “Protests During Presidential Inauguration, 1973,” LHM, February 5, 1973.
[30] Acting Director to Chicago,
VVAW National Steering Committee Meeting Placitas, New Mexico, 4/19-23/73, April 12, 1973;
VVAW National Steering Committee Meeting Placitas, New Mexico, 4/19-23/73, April 12, 1973;
[31] St. John’s Unitarian Church in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 21-23, 1973.
[32] October 26-28, 1973; FBI, [Redacted] to Acting Director, VVAW/WSO. IS-RA,
TELETYPE 7:23 PM URGENT April 26, 1973; FBI Jacksonville, LHM, VVAW/Winter
Soldier Organization, April 30, 1973; SAC, Denver to Director, VVAW-IS-RA, July
30, 1973; FBI, Cincinnati to Director, “Proposed Midwest Amnesty Conference,
Sponsored by VVAW, Cincinnati, 9/21-23/73,” NITEL, 613 PM, September 18, 1973
CFR; FBI, [REDACTED] to Director, “Proposed Midwest Amnesty Conference,
Sponsored by VVAW, Cincinnati, 9/21-23/73,” NITEL 742 PM September 24, 1973.
TELETYPE 7:23 PM URGENT April 26, 1973; FBI Jacksonville, LHM, VVAW/Winter
Soldier Organization, April 30, 1973; SAC, Denver to Director, VVAW-IS-RA, July
30, 1973; FBI, Cincinnati to Director, “Proposed Midwest Amnesty Conference,
Sponsored by VVAW, Cincinnati, 9/21-23/73,” NITEL, 613 PM, September 18, 1973
CFR; FBI, [REDACTED] to Director, “Proposed Midwest Amnesty Conference,
Sponsored by VVAW, Cincinnati, 9/21-23/73,” NITEL 742 PM September 24, 1973.
[33] Records of the Fellowship of Reconciliation, USA,(FOR-USA), files of Jack Travers, Amnesty Coordinator,
DG 013, Section 2, Series G, G-8, Box 22,23, 24,25 Swarthmore College Library at Swarthmore.edu/library/peace.
DG 013, Section 2, Series G, G-8, Box 22,23, 24,25 Swarthmore College Library at Swarthmore.edu/library/peace.
[34] FBI, Milwaukee to Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee; Milwaukee, Wis., April 11-15,
1974.IS-VVAW/WSO. 00: Chicago. TELETYPE, 11:15PMTVKNITEL April 14, 1974, 1-2;
Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, June 1974, July 1974.
1974.IS-VVAW/WSO. 00: Chicago. TELETYPE, 11:15PMTVKNITEL April 14, 1974, 1-2;
Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, June 1974, July 1974.
[35] Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, June 1974.
[36] Newsletter, Washington Peace Center, July 1974.
[37] FBI, [REDACTED] to
Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri,
6/23-27/73, IS-VVAW-WSO, TELETYPE, 12-35 PM URGENT August 31, 1973; FBI, St.
Louis to Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee Meeting, St. Louis,
Missouri, 6/23-27/73, IS-VVAW-WSO, TELETYPE, 1120 PM NITEL August 27, 1973.
Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri,
6/23-27/73, IS-VVAW-WSO, TELETYPE, 12-35 PM URGENT August 31, 1973; FBI, St.
Louis to Director, VVAW/WSO National Steering Committee Meeting, St. Louis,
Missouri, 6/23-27/73, IS-VVAW-WSO, TELETYPE, 1120 PM NITEL August 27, 1973.
[38] FBI, [REDACTED] to Director,
VVAW/WSO; IS-RA, TELETYPE, 1114PM NITEL September 19, 1973.
VVAW/WSO; IS-RA, TELETYPE, 1114PM NITEL September 19, 1973.
[39] “Two VVAW/WSO Members
Attend Conference on Cambodia,” National Office, Newsletter #16, Dec. 5. 1973, 3.
Attend Conference on Cambodia,” National Office, Newsletter #16, Dec. 5. 1973, 3.
[40] VVAW, National Office, Newsletter, # 14, November 1973, 12-13.
[41] Elizabeth Becker, “The Agony of Phnom Penh… On Edge As Insurgents Escalate
Artillery Fire,” Washington Post, January 28, 1974, A-1.
Artillery Fire,” Washington Post, January 28, 1974, A-1.